The book The Heart and Circulation by Branko Furst is nearly 400 pages long and summarises over 100 years of research into the nature and cause of blood flow around the human body. Despite all this work it is still not known how this happens. These are my immediate thoughts upon reading the book.
Over 100 years of scientific research on the mechanics of the circulation of the blood has failed to come up with a good description of how it happens. Overwhelmingly we find that experimental results show that the heart does not act as a pressure pump for the blood and indeed contributes little to nothing in the way of either pressure or flow rate.
Even more surprisingly, it seems that ‘pressure’ as such has little to do with movement of the blood at all and that the blood moves around by some other means.
Proof of this is found on almost every page of the book:
- The blood, after leaving the heart, will accelerate against the pressure gradient, moving with increasing speed from low to high pressure.
- The heart of a dog was stopped but the blood continued to flow for an hour after
- A heart in a chick embryo was re-plumbed to pump the ‘wrong way’ (from artery to vein) but even though the heart continued to beat, the blood also continued to circulate without changing direction
If the blood is moving independently of the pressure gradient then we need to find at least:
- A source of energy external to the blood
- A mechanism for transduction of such energy to movement
- An efficient flow geometry that dissipates very little waste energy
The solution is to be found in water vortices which are mentioned a few times in the book and are even illustrated:
- The Morozov paper claims that vortices will self-assemble and commence flow unaided when ATP and other bio-molecules are added (diagram below)
- Videos of Water Rings on YouTube demonstrate self-propelling structures on a macro scale
- Konstantin Meyl (‘Scalar Waves’ – Meyl) claims that water vortices can utilise a continuous supply of energy from solar neutrinos
- Viktor Schauberger has shown that spiral and vortical water configurations can flow with zero energy loss and even some gain (presumably from the neutrino stream)
- Not only water vortices but also electromagnetic field vortices may play a part
- Meyl is claiming that the hexagonal ring on ATP molecules will form a field vortex which itself acts as a neutrino net and transducer
- Such vortices are most stable having geometric proportions according to the golden ratio – the same proprtions as red blood cells
- Neutrino energy is sufficient to dismantle a water molecule into separate hydrogen and oxygen atoms
- Neutrino energy is sufficient to effect transmutation of base elements within the blood vortices
‘Schauberger’ flow [page]
The complex flow illustrated by Viktor Schauberger consists of central twin spiral streams surrounded by ring vortices.
The twin spirals are observed in chick embryos and are known to cosmologists and meteorologists as ‘Birkeland’ or ‘force-free’ currents. They arise from the flow of partially ionised gases or fluids and are practically friction free. The faster the current flows, the tighter the spiral becomes, with Schauberger noting that the flow actually came away from the pipe sides at certain harmonics.
The ring vortices act as ‘bearings’ for the main central flow and are themselves almost friction free. Water has a variable viscocity according to the geometry of the flow, with a natural tendency to form spiral flows as a ‘least resistance’ solution (just stare at a river for a while). Ring vortices can move at their own speed which is independent of the speed of the surrounding stream.
The flow shown is in a hard (wooden) pipe but if it were to occur in a thin flexible vessel then it would not be surprising to observe what appear to be slow moving peristaltic waves hosting a spiral stream that moves faster than the waves that appear to be pushing it.
What is happening is that it is not the vessel contractions that are pushing the fluid but the other way around. The ring vortices are dilating the vessel walls, creating the illusion of peristalsis. whilst the Birkeland Flow moves under its own power independently of everything else.
Self-organising vortices
The diagram from the paper by Morozov shows multiple vortices forming when biological material is added to water. The vortices form by themselves, orient themselves and begin to flow by themselves.
Water flow consist of many interacting water vortices. A vortex is electromagnetic by nature with spiralling electric currents necessarily forming a magnetic dipole at right angles to the current direction.
Both clockwise and anti-clockwise currents exist and will self-organise according to their magnetic structure with north-south magnets aligning with south-north, meaning that clockwise and anti-clockwise vortices will form pairs and commence linear motion guided by each other.
For this flow to evolve we would expect the containing vessel to be of a comparative size to the vortices. Too many vortices together will not likely organise into unidirectional flow but on the other hand, the container must be large enough to accommodate whole vortices.
This suggests that the shape and dimensions of the blood vessels themselves are instrumental in determining the mechanics (and hence speed) of the blood flow. One type of flow is produced by the heart, flows down the aorta and evolves into another more suitable flow geometry as the blood progresses along the circulatory conduits.
Development and pressure
It seems that the blood flow controls the development of the heart and arterial system via a ‘least-energy’ principle. The blood flows around the embryo initially without physical vessels and will find optimal paths around the tissue much like a river flows to the sea.
Thereafter, the blood vessels will emerge around these flows and the developing aorta will spiral in response to the spiralling fields caused by the blood flow. Pressure is carefully controlled in embryonic circulation and will be maintained as such as a response to quite severe interventions.
We can consider that the heart and blood vessels are developing largely guided by the pressure of their own blood flow and that the end result will be a system that performs best with more or less equal pressure distributed throughout the network.
Maintenance of pressure
Attempts to manipulate pressure in a mature circulatory system have surprising results because incorrect assumptions have been made as to the function of the pressure control within the system.
Every indication is that pressure has little to do with blood propulsion. This actually makes a lot of sense. If the blood were propelled solely by pressure from the heart then there would be a huge pressure gradient from heart to capillaries and excessive strain exerted on all parts of the circulatory system.
A good design principle would be to ensure that the peak pressure and hence maximum stress on artery walls are kept to a minimum. The way to do this is to spread the load as much as possible by maintaining as equal a pressure as possible everywhere along the system, or by matching wall thickness to the pressure required at that point in the flow.
Responses to attempts at manipulating pressure are therefore not functional in respect to restoring flow (pressure and flow are not causally related) but to maintaining tissue integrity by minimising elastic stress on the blood vessels.
The function of the heart
The pumping of the heart is not increasing blood pressure or blood flow and even appears to slow down the flow rate with removal of the valves actually speeding up the blood flow.
A high rate of disorganised bood coming from the heart is not a good thing and when it hits the capillary bed there will be high pressure and trouble. We don’t want blood driven by high pressure or high momentum – we want control.
The heart takes in low density blood with deteriorating vortices and forms high density orgaised flow. It is transforming kinetic energy and momentum into organised, compact ring vortices whose energy can be released in a controlled manner as the blood proceeds along the aorta.
The rings accelerate against the pressure in a controlled manner and the windkessel device further softens the pulse from the heartbeat.
Capillary flow
The vortices produced by the heart encounter bifurcations in the arterioles and simply split and reform as two separate rings each half the size and this continues down to the size of a red blood cell and below.
This is the central miracle of blood flow, that the scalability of vortices permit a near identical geometry and mechanism throughout the entire circulatory system. Try even imagining achieving this with laminar flow with friction all over the place and turbulence at each branching of the arteries.
Vortices in the capillaries are within the plasma and can absorb energy from neutrinos that emanate from the sun. Water vortices and electromagnetic vortices around ATP hexagons can absorb energy and transmute it to various forms. Heat, electromagnetism, and now kinetic energy at this scale are all essentially vortex phenomena and it isn’t surprising that energy can easily flow between all ‘formats’ and all scales.
The body requires more energy so it dilates the capillaries and fills them with fluid. The number of vortices increases here in proportion to blood volume and so the capacity for neutrino absorption also increases proportionally.
The capillary bed therefore acts as a finely controllable antenna for neutrinos and it is this phenomenon that the main source of the energy required for blood propulsion. Energy production is proportional to the number of vortex centres and to the length of time they are in existence.
The capillary beds are the correct place to drive the blood from as accumulated energy leads to accumulated speed and this will occur as the blood moves to the veins i.e. as it moves from narrow tubes to wide. If it happened the other way around we would get a pressure build up as the blood tried to accelerate from artery to capillary.
Venous flow
The Morozov paper shows that small vortices wil self-orient and self-assemble into larger vortices whereupon they will move under their own energy in a globally uni-directional flow. This is precisely what is needed when moving from capillary to vein.
So millimetre-scale vortices move up the veins to the heart. As energy is expended the vortices start to lose their form and the overall density of the blood decreases, leading to expansion of the stream which further aids movement of the blood. Valves prevent return flow and give the expansion something to push against but they also help organise the vortex rings at the macro-scale. Photographs (in the heart at least) show the rings forming as they pass through the valves.
Back to the heart
The function of the heart then is not to provide pressure nor to slow the blood flow but to assist in restructuring the flow into an organised stream of vortices which will move around the system in an energy-efficient manner whilst imposing minimal stress on the living tissues.
Red blood cell creation
Red blood cell dimensions are in the Golden Ratio beloved of artists and architects. This happens to be the ideal ratio for the formation of electrical scalar waves (eddy currents) and indeed it appears that there are such electric circuits maintained in red blood cells and charged by alternating currents from the de-polarisation of heart muscle.
Possibly this is how they maintain a zeta-potential and very likely has something to do with maintaining the structure of the blood flow. The question arises then: “How does the body create blood cells in this ratio? Where is the template?”
The answer is already stated that electromagnetic ring vortices form naturally in this geometry according to the laws of physics (Meyl) and as with the construction of blood vessels from the electric forces given off by the blood, so are the blood cells modelled around these ideally proportioned electrical tornadoes.
The electromagnetic fields form a de facto ‘etheric’ body which acts as a guide or template for the construction of first the blood, next the vessels and eventually the heart itself.
Atomic structure, friction and heat
Atomic structure is misrepresented in classical physics and is better described by the vortex physics of Konstantin Meyl.
All fundamental particles are formulated as field vortices which makes vortex flow natural in a fluid such as water. Friction occurs by field drag which means that if the fluid is moving in harmony with the vortex rotations then there is no friction to speak of.
Heat transfer is via vortex loss and gain with angular momentum being transferred from one field vortex to another. Descriptions of the blood moving according to its own ‘internal heat’ are therefore quite correct in this respect.
Blood pressure
Pressure is measured two ways at least:
- Lateral pressure. This represents radial energy loss and is therefore either inversely related or not related to longitudinal flow
- Invasive techniques. These disrupt flow and therefore cannot be said to be representative of anything real
High blood pressure is probably bad but the measures taken to correct it seem misguided given the nature of the blood flow and the tendency for self-regulation.
The diameter of the blood vessels to some extent determines the geometry of the flow and so alterations via vasodilators may well have an effect but it may not be the one that is intended.
The blood flow as a whole forms an attractor pattern meaning that it is globally self-stabilising but theoretically not predictable given any finite set of observations. Local measurements are therefore largely meaningless with regard to analysing the system as a whole.
Related pages:
References:
The Heart and Circulation: An Integrative Model
Author: Branko Furst
ISBN-10 : 144715276X
ISBN-13 : 978-1447152767
The Heart and Circulation: an Integrative Model – Branko Furst
The introduction to the book
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-1-4471-5277-4/1.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288981713_The_Heart_and_Circulation_-_An_Integrative_Model
From chaos to order in active fluids – Alexander Morozov
https://people.brandeis.edu/~kuntawu/Publications/Science_355_eaal1979_2017/Science_355_1262_2017.pdf
Living energies – Calum Coats
https://www.foodforthoughtstore.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Living-Energies-Callum-Coats-Part-1.pdf
Living energies – Calum Coats
http://www.foodforthoughtstore.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Living-Energies-Callum-Coats-Part-2.pdf
Flow patterns around heart valves – Charles Peskin – PhD thesis 1972
https://www.math.nyu.edu/~peskin/papers/csp_thesis.pdf
Neutrino Power – Konstantin Meyl
https://www.meyl.eu/go/indexa90a.html
The influence of the Golden Ratio on the Erythrocyte – M Purcell, R Ramsey
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331103066_The_Influence_of_the_Golden_Ratio_on_the_Erythrocyte
Physics of Life – Life at Low Reynolds Number – Scott Turner
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZk2bMaqs1E
Scalar Waves – Konstantin Meyl
https://www.meyl.eu/go/index92d2.html
Blood and Qi – Traditional Chinese Medicine World Foundation
https://www.tcmworld.org/blood-and-qi/
Physiology, Pulmonary Circulation – Boyette, Burns
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518997/
Potential vortex, newly discovered properties of the electric field – Konstantin Meyl
https://www.meyl.eu/go/indexb830.html